Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff Formula

Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff Formula

Suppose

Ado's Theorem

Every finite‑dimensional Lie algebra admits a faithful finite‑dimensional representation, so it embeds as a Lie subalgebra of matrices for some finite‑dimensional vector space .

Lie's First Theorem

If two Lie groups are isomorphic, then so their Lie algebras.

Lie's Second Theorem

If , then and are locally isomorphic.

Lie's Third Theorem there exists a unique simply connected Lie group with . If is simply connected then

For every finite dimensional Lie algebra

The Adjoint Maps

Adjoint Map of a Lie Group

The adjoint map of a Lie group is the map defined by where is the conjugation by . It turns out to be a group representation called the adjoint representation of .

Proposition

For matrix Lie groups, the adjoint map reduces to for and .

Proposition

Suppose is a Lie group homomorphism, then the following diagram commutes: https://q.uiver.app/#q=WzAsNCxbMCwwLCJcXG1hdGhmcmFre2d9Il0sWzIsMCwiXFxtYXRoZnJha3tnfSJdLFswLDIsIlxcbWF0aGZyYWt7aH0iXSxbMiwyLCJcXG1hdGhmcmFre2h9Il0sWzAsMSwiXFxtYXRocm17QWR9X2ciXSxbMiwzLCJcXG1hdGhybXtBZH1fe1xcdmFycGhpKGcpfSJdLFswLDIsIlxcbWF0aHJte2R9X2VcXHZhcnBoaSJdLFsxLDMsIlxcbWF0aHJte2R9X2UgXFx2YXJwaGkiXV0=

Adjoint Map of a Lie Algebra

For a Lie algebra and an element , the adjoint map of is the linear transformation defined by:

The Adjoint Representation

The adjoint map is a Lie algebra homomorphism. So the map given by is a representation of . It is called the adjoint representation of .

Proof The Jacobi identity can be rewritten as . This is exactly the condition , which means is a derivation. The homomorphism property is another consequence of the Jacobi identity.

Relationship Between Adjoint Maps

for the functor .